Major Powers and Greater Asia: The New Game
March 18, 2016
The Fourth Annual Social Sciences Conference was held at the Lahore School of Economics from the 17th to 18th of March, 2016. The second day of the conference was dedicated to discussion on political and international relations and brought together leading analysts and academics of Pakistan. The title of the conference was “Major Powers and Greater Asia: The New Game”, and the talks were centered around the role of major powers like US and China in South Asia and how Pakistan features into their politics.
The keynote speaker was Ambassador (Retd) Riaz Hussain Khokhar, who has served as Foreign Secretary of Pakistan as well as Pakistan’s Ambassador to the US, China and India. The topic and context of the conference was introduced by Prof. Sajjad Naseer, Senior Fellow, Department of Social Sciences. He said that the principal actors in the region were burdened by the weight of territorial disputes, including China, India, Afghanistan and Pakistan with no resolution insight. Additionally, Russia is pursuing aggressive policies towards Ukraine to secure its immediate border and the Chinese posturing, and its soft power projection through “One Road, One Belt” is raising disturbing issues. In view of the above, the conference focused on the competing perspectives of the major actors to make sense of the emerging reality in the region.
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posted by S A J Shirazi @ 3/18/2016 05:06:00 PM,
Lahore School of Economics Fourth Annual Social Sciences Conference
March 17, 2016
The Social Sciences Department, Lahore School of Economics hosted its Fourth Annual Social Sciences Conference on April 17, 2016 at Burki Campus Lahore. The theme on the first day of the conference was ‘Beyond Boundaries: Language and Literature in a Globalized World.’ This theme stems from the fact that we are living in an interconnected world which has affected culture, education and learning from multiple perspectives with the massive expansion of media and technology. These effects were highlighted specifically from the viewpoints of linguistics, literature, gender and cultural studies. Renowned scholars, academician and researchers took part in the conference.
Labels: Annual Conference, Research, Social Sciences
posted by S A J Shirazi @ 3/17/2016 04:51:00 PM,
A New Paradigm of Ratings in Islamic Finance
May 30, 2014
Sobia Maqbool, CFA, Group Head JCR VIS Rating Company Limited
The evolution of Islamic Finance as a parallel to conventional finance has gained significant global recognition in the past few decades. Islamic Finance is recognized as fundamentally different from conventional finance. Its rapid growth in recent years has coincided with the evolution of regulatory framework and guiding principles by international standard setting bodies. These developments bear cognizance of the unique nature of Profit Sharing Investment Accounts (PSIAs) in an Islamic Financial Institution (IFI) and the rights and obligations unto same. Islamic finance has however only sparingly benefitted from ratings that are suited to Islamic finance and Shari’ah compliant transactions. Recognizing the need for an independent rating methodology that does not try to fit IFIs into the traditional approach to ratings, JCR-VIS Credit Rating Company Limited launched the Fiduciary Rating System from the platform of Islamic International Rating Agency.
Sobia Maqbool, CFA is in charge of rating assignments across a diverse range of sectors, including corporates, sub-sovereigns and financial institutions, including commercial banks, insurance companies, investment banks, leasing and modaraba companies (Islamic finance), microfinance institutions, brokerage houses & mutual funds. In addition to this, she is also involved in research activities, development of methodologies & staff training. She has spoken at both local and international forums. She has a Master's degree in Business Administration from the Institute of Business Administration, Karachi and is also a CFA charter holder.
Labels: Annual Conference, Managing Business in Pakistan, Research
posted by S A J Shirazi @ 5/30/2014 12:30:00 PM,
Municipal Bond Financing: An untapped financing source for Infrastructural Projects
Dr Bushra Naqvi, LUMS
This study has been conducted to give readers a brief idea about municipal bond financing in Pakistan and also its application and performance in comparison to its neighboring countries. At the beginning, author discusses the context and circumstantial realities that justify the need of municipal bond financing in Pakistan, given the continuously increasing requirements of urban infrastructure project financing coupled with the significant changes that happened to the overall governance structure, including different tiers of governments, in Pakistan. It also gives the reader a quick view of the bond market in general and discusses its different components including but not limited to municipal bonds. Finally, this study discusses in detail the major frictions creating hurdles for Pakistan in its way to a developed municipal bond market, conjugated with probable solutions and policy recommendations.
Dr. Bushra Naqvi is working as Assistant Professor at SulemanDawood School of Business (SDSB), Lahore University of Management Sciences where she teaches in the area of Money, Banking and Finance. Dr. Naqvi has worked as research associate and teaching assistant at the laboratory of CES Axe Finance, University of Paris 1– Panthéon Sorbonne from 2007 to 2011. During her stay at Sorbonne, she worked under the supervision of Prof. Christian Bordes (Member ECB Shadow Council); and her PhD dissertation surrounds the policy choices of Asian central banks and assesses the impact of those policies on the behavior of financial markets. Dr. Naqvi has presented her research work at several International peer reviewed conferences and her articles have been published in Quantitative Finance, Applied Financial Economics and Economic Research. Besides her research and academic concentrations, Dr. Naqvi also owns the charter of Financial Risk Manager (FRM) from Global Association of Risk Professionals (GARP), USA; which is a globally recognized benchmark and professional designation in the area of financial risk management.
Labels: Annual Conference, Managing Business in Pakistan, Research
posted by S A J Shirazi @ 5/30/2014 12:00:00 PM,
Cross-Cultural Differences in Punctuality of Dutch and Pakistani
Wendelien van Eerde, University of Amsterdam Business School
Sana Azar, Lahore School of Economics
People from different parts of the world increasingly meet and work together. These people may differ with respect to their values and behaviors based upon their cultural backgrounds. The use of time is one of the cultural aspects that can differ between cultures. However, not much attention has been devoted to study the use of time cross-culturally, whereas many notice this in practice. In this study, we focus on punctuality, or the sensitivity to deviations from appointed times.This deviation - how early and how late is still regarded as acceptable - has been termeda window of time. In this study, we compare Dutch (n = 86) and Pakistani (n= 83) respondents’ windows of time by having them respond to different scenarios. We test six hypotheses regarding cultural values, windows of time, and lateness. As expected, Pakistani have wider windows of time than Dutch respondents, indicating that a larger time frame acceptable to arrive earlier or later for an appointment. We compare latenessto appointments in different roles, such as meeting a friend for lunch, a teacher meeting a student, or a government worker meeting an official. Pakistani accept larger time frames of lateness than Dutch. Both Pakistani and Dutch agree that it is more acceptable that a friend arrives late for lunch. However, we find that the Dutch do not distinguish between the roles of the other scenarios, whereas the Pakistani do: the higher the societal role, the later a person can arrive. This is in line with the differences on the cultural dimension power distance found in this sample, and it confirms previous research on this dimension. We will discuss theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
Dr. Wendelien Van Eerde is an Associate Professor at University of Amsterdam, Business School. Her research focus is on the self-management of employees, and in particular how they use their time. She published several articles on procrastination, and how planning and time management are related to outcomes at work. Topics of interest also include polychronicity, multitasking, meetings at work, and cultural differences in the use of time. She has served as a co-promotor for six PhD dissertations on these topics. She has achieved an Outstanding Reviewer Award in 2009, 2008, and 2006 (Organizational Behavior Division of the Academy of Management), among other research awards and grants.
Ms. Sana Azar is Senior Teaching Fellow at the Lahore School of Economics, Faculty of Business Administration. She has a B.Sc. (Hons.) in Computer Science from Kinnaird College for Women and Bachelor of Arts from Punjab University with specialization in Journalism and Economics. Sana completed her MBA (Banking and Finance) from Lahore School of Economics in 2009 and MPhil in Business Administration from Lahore School in 2013. She teaches Marketing, Management and Research courses at the Lahore School. She is currently a PhD scholar at the Lahore School. Her research interests include Time Management, Customer Relationship Management, Leadership and e-Commerce. She has presented papers at prestigious international conferences and published papers in her research area.
Labels: Annual Conference, Managing Business in Pakistan, Research
posted by S A J Shirazi @ 5/30/2014 11:40:00 AM,
Rating the Rater: Rating Agencies role in financial crises; lessons learned; the way forward
Shahzad Saleem, CFA, FCA, Chief Operating Officer Pakistan Credit Rating Agency Limited
Rating Agencies (CRAs) give opinion as to relative strength of any entity to meet financial obligations. Like any business in the world, the business of CRAs comes with its own risk. The risk is: Opinion going wrong. The latest edition of financial crises brought this risk to limelight. This magnified their penetration into our financial decisions. Investors had to incur significant losses when a number of rating opinions faltered. They were either late in identifying the risk (subprime mortgage loans) or hasten the crises by magnifying some risk (Banks and sovereign rating). Were CRAs negligent, incompetent, or dishonest? ; we are still looking for the answer. Raters are being rated. Rating agencies are still around and growing. Investors continue to believe in their opinions. We as a system value the ratings. Why? Can’t they fail us again? Notably a lot has changed for positive. Regulators realize the importance of strong oversight on CRAs; new laws, comprehensive code of conduct are being implemented. CRAs, more than ever, know that while being transparent they have to be intelligent in their methodologies and practices, For investors rating opinions are key inputs for final decision, but not the only tool. It is a better system now. We have to understand ratings. These are not just opinions – these are knowledgeable and independent. If done right a rating provides valuable information to investor – the likelihood of default; but on a relative basis, not standalone.
Mr. Shahzad Saleem is Chief Operating Officer at PACRA. He has held several positions beginning his career as an analyst at PACRA in 2000. He leads multiple developments at PACRA including technological advancements and rating criteria with a structured and consistent approach. While being responsible for overseeing work planning, execution and its monitoring, his role includes mentoring an expanding team of young analysts and guidance to unit heads. Prior to joining PACRA, he was associated with a leading firm of Chartered Accountants and worked there for more than 5 years, taking his overall working experience to 17+years.
Labels: Annual Conference, Managing Business in Pakistan, Research
posted by S A J Shirazi @ 5/30/2014 11:30:00 AM,
A Study on Volatility Dynamics and Inter-Sectoral Spillovers Originating from Banking Sector: The Case of Karachi Stock Exchange
Mehrukh Salman Lahore School of Economics
Dr Kumail Rizvi, CFA, FRM, Lahore School of Economics
The study was conducted to investigate the spillover effects originating from the Banking sector and directionality of these effects on various sectors of Pakistan. The sectors under study were Banks, Oil and Gas, Construction, Chemical, Food Producer, Fixed Line Telecommunication, Electricity sector and Personal Goods sector. Daily data of 251 companies was considered and the time period studied was from 2008 to 2011. We investigated the spillover effects originating from Banking sector and whether they differ across different sector but also examined whether correlation of Banking sector with other sector varies over time. We used BEKK parameterization as used by (Engle & Kroner, 1995) to detect volatiltity transmission among Banking and all other sectors. We also conducted Granger Causality test on weekly portfolio returns, volatility and conditional standard deviation to have a better understanding. The results of daily data showed returns of banking sector significantly impacted returns in Oil and Gas sector, Chemical and Electricity Sector Returns in Construction and Chemical sector impacted return in banking sector. We tested Granger Causality, on weekly portfolio returns, volatility and conditional standard deviation and then ran the GARCH model on weekly and monthly data set. We concluded that banking sector did play a crucial role in impacting various sectors of the economy but it was also evident from the results that few sectors did impact the Banking sector too.
Ms Mehrukh Salman is Senior Teaching Fellow at the Lahore School and a PhD candidate. She is a gold medalist in MPhil and on Dean’s Honor list in BBA, MBA and MPhil. She has a B.B.A (Hons.), MBA and MPhil from Lahore School of Economics. She have been teaching various business courses to under graduate students since 2009 and it is due to her profound association and work in research she is involved in assisting numerous student each academic term in their final thesis.
Labels: Annual Conference, Managing Business in Pakistan, Research
posted by S A J Shirazi @ 5/30/2014 11:10:00 AM,
The Need of Ethical Culture for Building Investor’s Trust
Kashif Shamraiz, CFA Director and Treasurer CFA Society Pakistan
It is common knowledge that many opinion polls rate the financial services industry very low on the scale of trust and integrity. People overreact and become convinced that everything about finance is rigged and dishonest. Others see a fundamental shift in the level of dishonesty, greed, and unethical behavior in the industry. They pine for an industry that once was a professional calling, which cared strongly about a client’s well-being. That profession, they feel, has morphed into a business absolutely focused on gathering assets and extracting fees. Whether negative perceptions or an actual decline in industry integrity, the financial industry today faces a crisis of Trust that threatens its future. Without trust, markets don’t function properly and growth prospects are limited. Now the Question is what can the financial industry do to change its trajectory? In order to put a brake on the continuously deteriorating Trust level of investors in the finance industry more than a set of rules and enforcement is required; a highly ethical attitude of market participants would be the most welcome solution in this regard. The adherence of investment professionals to ethical practices benefits all market participants and increases investor confidence in global financial markets. Clients are reassured that the investment professionals they hire operate with the clients’ best interests in mind, and investment professionals benefit from the more efficient and transparent operation of the market that integrity promotes.. Ethical practices instill public trust in markets and support the development of markets. Sound ethical culture is fundamental to sustainable capital markets and the enhancement of the investment profession in the eyes of investors.
Kashif Shamraiz, CFA is a Corporate & Institutional Banker having more than 9 years of broad-based and diversified experience with exceptional track record in Relationship Management, Corporate Lending, Syndications, Islamic Finance, Trade Finance, Seasonal/Commodity Finance, Credit Appraisal & Deal Structuring, Credit Risk Management and Financial Training. Currently, he is working with Allied Bank Limited as SRM/Team Leader-Corporate & Investment Banking Group, wherein he is responsible to manage a well diversified credit portfolio of over PKR 25 Billion comprised of 27 active relationships including top of the line Corporate Houses and Conglomerates from diverse sectors such as Chemicals (ICI Pakistan, Engro Polymer), Fertilizers (Engro Fertilizers & DH Fertilizers) Power (EngroPowergen, Sindh Engro Coal Mining), Financial Institutions (Pak-Kuwait, PAIR), Textile (Naveena Exports, Al-Karam), Utilities (SSGC) and FMCGs (Engro Foods). Before joining Allied Bank, he has also served Meezan Bank Limited as Senior Relationship Manager-Corporate Banking.
Labels: Annual Conference, Managing Business in Pakistan, Research
posted by S A J Shirazi @ 5/30/2014 11:00:00 AM,
An Anatomy of Sell Side Analysts’ Target Price Forecasting Ability: The Case of Pakistan
Dr Nawazish Mirza, Lahore School of Economics
Birjees Rahat, Lahore School of Economics
Sanakhawan Hussain, Alfalah GHP Investment Management Limited
This paper examines the performance of sell side analysts based on their one year forward target price over a period of five years, between 2008 and 2013, using a sample of 130 recommendations. We find that only 5% of the target prices were met at the end of the forecast period while 30% of the recommendations were achieved at some point in time during the forecast horizon. The analysts’ forecasts were optimistic with average target price returns exceeding actual returns by 12% with an absolute forecast error of 65%. Further, we segregated the target price into multiplier and discounted valuation methodologies and find the former to be more accurate with 50% of the target prices being achieved during the sample period compared to 10% for discounted valuations. We link the forecast error to the discount rate using a small sample of 40 recommendations and report that capital asset pricing model (CAPM) misprice the cost of equity resulting in optimistic target price. When we replace CAPM with multifactor asset pricing models for estimation, our synthetic target prices resulted in an improved forecast with 40% discounted valuation forecasts realizing during the target horizon. We conclude by advocating the use of multifactor asset pricing frameworks in economies like Pakistan where stock markets are subject to volatility clustering and higher order moments.
Dr Nawazish Mirza is Associate Professor of Finance at Lahore School of Economics. He holds a doctorate degree in quantitative finance from University of Paris Dauphine. He teach courses in the areas of Risk Management, Corporate Finance, Investment Analysis and Portfolio theory at MBA and Doctorate level. He also provides consultancy to The Biogerontology Research Foundation UK and JCR VIS Credit Rating Company Limited.
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posted by S A J Shirazi @ 5/30/2014 10:30:00 AM,
Putting Investor First
Ashraf Bava, CFA, Chief Executive Nael Capital (Pvt) Limited, President CFA Society Pakistan
There are inherent rights of investor when they work with financial professionals and when then enter into any financial transaction. Investor Rights apply not just to services provided by financial professionals but also to products offered by financial firms. These products may include, but are not limited to, checking accounts, insurance policies, annuities, mutual funds, retirement accounts, brokerage accounts, stocks, bonds, options, commodities, and alternative investments, such as hedge funds. These rights are truly global and apply to all countries and locations, all financial markets and products, all the time. This is intended to empower you as an investor to both understand and claim your Investor Rights in financial matters. Before you meet with a financial professional or purchase a financial product, review the Statement of Investor Rights and the guide in your folders. When it comes to financial matters, the more information you have, the better.
Ashraf Bava, CFA did his BBA (Hons) and MBA from Institute of Business Administration, Karachi in 1994 and subsequently became a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) in the year 2001. After briefly working for a cellular company he joined the brokerage industry and worked in places like AKD Securities and Indosuez WI Carr Securities. He worked in the Equity Sales department and was heading the equity desk at Elixir Securities before taking the management role of Chief Executive in 2005. He has travelled extensively to market Pakistan equities and to attend conferences in US, UK and Far East. In 2009 he set up Nael Capital (Pvt) Limited which is a corporate brokerage house of Karachi Stock Exchange. He has also served on the boards of Karachi Stock Exchange and National Clearing Company of Pakistan Ltd. in the year 2011 and also chaired the Trading Affairs Committee of the Exchange. He has been volunteering for CFA Society Pakistan since its inception in 2002 and has served on various boards of the society. He is currently serving as the President of the society for a 2 year term. At the society level he has been actively involved in promoting ethical standards, best practices and awareness of global products in the local capital markets by arranging various seminars, webcasts and other advocacy initiatives.
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Labels: Annual Conference, Managing Business in Pakistan, Research
posted by S A J Shirazi @ 5/30/2014 10:00:00 AM,
Investment Alternatives in Pakistan: Historical Performance and Future Outlook
Happening Now
Dr. Amjad Waheed, CFA, Chief Executive, NBP Fullerton Asset Management Ltd (NAFA)
NAFA has carried out a study with the objective to provide a framework for managing investments. The study recommends use of Modern Portfolio Theory and strategic asset allocation process to investment decisions on the basis of a three-dimensional view of the risk, return, and the correlation among asset classes. In our study, we have calculated the performance of five key asset classes from January 2001 to December 2013. The results reveal that the Capital Protected Strategy has the highest Sharpe Ratio. Thus, if an investor wants to earn a return reasonably higher than inflation, while reducing the risk at the same time, Capital Protected Strategy is the best available option. We further identify that the Optimal Portfolio that offered the highest excess return per unit of risk over the 2001-2013 period comprised of 4% investment in PIBs, 27% in Special Savings Certificates, and 69% in Capital Protected Strategy. This portfolio offered nominal return of 13.3% p.a. with annualized standard deviation of 5.8%, which resulted into maximum Sharpe ratio.
Dr. Amjad Waheed holds a doctorate in Investments & Finance from Southern Illinois University, USA and is also a Chartered Financial Analyst. For the last 8 years he is CEO of NBP Fullerton Asset Management Ltd (NAFA), which is a subsidiary of National Bank of Pakistan, with Fullerton Fund Management Company of Singapore as the other joint venture partner. NAFA is presently managing eighteen mutual and pension funds, and several portfolios. Total assets under management of NAFA are presently about Rs 45 billion. NAFA is among the largest Asset Management Companies in Pakistan today. Before joining NAFA, Dr. Amjad was Head of Equity Mutual Funds & Portfolios at Riyad Bank, Saudi Arabia, for about 5 years where he was managing US$ 7.5 billion invested in 22 mutual funds. Prior to that Dr. Amjad was Head of Investments at NIT, and Chief Operation Officer of FC-ABN AMRO Equities for several years. Before moving back to Pakistan, Dr. Waheed was Assistant Professor of Finance at Tennessee State University, USA. He has published several articles in top journals of the world such as Journal of Banking & Finance and Financial and Financial Management. Dr. Amjad has served on the Board of various companies including Siemens, Nishat Mills, PICIC, Askari Bank, Millat Tractors, Fauji Fertilizer, Pakitstan Tobacco Company, Treet Corporation, Gul Ahmed Textile, Bata Pakistan.
Labels: Annual Conference, Managing Business in Pakistan, Research
posted by S A J Shirazi @ 5/30/2014 09:22:00 AM,
Lahore School of Economics Second Annual Business Research Conference - Call for Papers
April 10, 2014
Given the dynamic nature of the business environment in today's world, research is of immense importance. Hence, we encourage the development and discussion of innovative ideas pertaining to key business issues in Pakistan. Researchers, policy makers, analysts and practitioners are invited to submit competitive theoretical and empirical papers as well as technical notes that explore and contribute to the understanding of various areas in business.
Deadline for the submission of title and short abstract (not more than 350 words): April 20, 2014.
Submission date for complete papers: May 1, 2014.
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posted by S A J Shirazi @ 4/10/2014 11:33:00 AM,
Lahore School of Economics Annual Business Research Conference –Themes
Lahore School of Economics is holding Second Annual Business Research Conference on May 30 -31, 2014 at the main campus. The conference will focus on the following themes:
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posted by S A J Shirazi @ 4/10/2014 11:32:00 AM,
The nuclear rivalry between India-Pakistan: A social constructivist analysis
April 04, 2014
Dr. Shoaib Pervez, Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Lahore School of Economics
The nuclear security relations between India-Pakistan are generally studied through traditional realist theories of state power. These theories are mostly interested in explaining rational motives behind states decisions to go nuclear and often give little credit to issues of state identity and norms behind such decisions of pristine importance. Treading on a different path this paper studies the nuclear rivalry between India and Pakistan by a social constructivist analysis based on socio-cultural norms of state identity. This social constructivist approach explains the strategic behavior of states by problematizing states identities and brings to light some socio-cultural norms which led to such decisions in the first place.
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posted by S A J Shirazi @ 4/04/2014 03:30:00 PM,
Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan and the United States
Dr. Hassan Askari Rizvi, Professor Emeritus (University of the Punjab) and Defense Analyst
Four major sets of factors influence civil-military relations, including military take-over in a country. External environment is one of the factors. The experience of a large number of countries that have experienced expanded role of the military shows that the decisive factors are internal and domestic. External factor may encourage or discourage a particular kind of disposition of the military. This may help the military to take over or deter it from doing so. Much depends on how other factors impact the context within which civilian authorities and military top brass function.
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posted by S A J Shirazi @ 4/04/2014 03:00:00 PM,
Political Dimensions of Pakistan
Dr. Azmat Hayat Khan, (Ex) Vice-Chancellor, University of Peshawar
The Geo-strategic location of Pakistan is such that it makes it an important and vital corridor, not only to the mineral resources of the Caspian Sea and Central Asian Republics, but also a major focal point in the politics of the Middle East. It’s a meeting of cultures Iranian, and Chinese culture, Indian culture and Central Asian Culture, meet the Arab culture. After the 9/11 incident, the world focus shifted to Central Asia, or Central Eurasia as it is now known, and the easiest and shortest access, to it is through Pakistan. With all these events taking place around it, Pakistan has gained an important role to play in this region, due to its geographic location. Pakistan could have gained much from its geographic position but it could not do so in all these years. Pakistan could not organize a political party which could cater to the needs of all the four provinces, or could represent the whole nation.
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posted by S A J Shirazi @ 4/04/2014 02:30:00 PM,
The issues of local government in Pakistan: The conundrum of policy making process
Dr. Saeed Shafqat, Director, School of Public Policy, Forman Christian College University, Lahore
The author argues that provincial autonomy and path dependence are among the dominant factors that have shaped the latest Local Government (LG) acts recently enacted by the provincial assemblies of Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab and Sindh. Yet, the LG acts of 2013 are distinguished by the fact that these are imposed neither by a military regime nor by the federal government; these have been drafted and adopted by the provincial assemblies after much debate and with a sense of ownership. The previous local governments suffered from legitimacy crisis and lack of ownership. The LG acts recently passed by the provincial assemblies are fragmented and driven by considerations of maintaining the status quo, rather than seeking to innovate and think out of the box for establishing transparent and accountable governance.
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posted by S A J Shirazi @ 4/04/2014 12:30:00 PM,
Ideological Controversies in Pakistan
Dr. Ishtiaq Ahmed, Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, LUMS, Lahore
Was Pakistan meant to be a Muslim-majority national state or an Islamic state? This overarching question captures the spectrum along which different models of the state have been presented in Pakistani discussions since its inception in August 1947. Most states in the modern period, including those of Africa and Asia that emerged after WW II, are pragmatic in their orientation but Pakistan , Iran, Saudi Arabia, Israel, North Korea are ideological states. Ideological states invariably distinguish between the primary nation and others and adopt constitutionally differentiated citizenship as the basis for the distribution of rights.
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posted by S A J Shirazi @ 4/04/2014 11:30:00 AM,
Class structure of Pakistan and its implications
Dr. Taimur Rahman, Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences
Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)
The paper argues that the class structure of Pakistan is characterized by Asiatic capitalism, with the non-agricultural sector of the economy dominated by petty commodity production and small-scale capitalism. This has implications for the country’s politics, society, and culture.
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posted by S A J Shirazi @ 4/04/2014 11:00:00 AM,
Rethinking Pedagogy for Teacher Education in ELT/TESL in Pakistan’s Context
April 03, 2014
Prof. Dr. Samina Amin Qadir, Vice Chancellor, Dean Graduate Programmes, English, Fatima Jinnah Women University (FJWU), Rawalpindi
Pedagogy is at the heart of teaching and learning process which is influenced by a number of factors. It has been widely proved that an interesting yet multifaceted relationship exists between pedagogy and the beliefs/perspectives, competence/educational level and practices of teachers as they play a significant role in the construction and reconstruction of pedagogical practices which, ultimately, guide the decisions and actions of teachers in the classroom.
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posted by S A J Shirazi @ 4/03/2014 04:30:00 PM,
City Campus
104 - C, Gulberg III,
Lahore, Pakistan.
Phones: 92-42-35714936, 38474385
Fax: 92-42-36560905
Main Campus
Intersection Main Boulevard Phase VI
Burki Road
Lahore, Pakistan.
Phones: 37254099, 37254311
